Stigma 中文

Fear of stigma as bad as disease itself, Deputy Secretary-General says in World Aids Day remarks : [remarks, at an event to mark World Aids Day, 26 November 2002] / [by the Deputy Secretary-General]

符号[ST/DPI/PRESS/]DSG/SM/180
[ST/DPI/PRESS/]AIDS/47

标题Fear of stigma as bad as disease itself, Deputy Secretary-General says in World Aids Day remarks : [remarks, at an event to mark World Aids Day, 26 November 2002] / [by the Deputy Secretary-General]

日期New York : UN Dept. of Public Information, 26 Nov. 2002

用"stigma"造句"stigma"怎么读"stigma" in a sentence"stigma"的同义词

中文翻译

• n.
  (pl. stigmata , stigmas)
  1.耻辱，污名。
  2.〔古语〕烙印。
  3.【植物；植物学】柱头。
  4.【动物；动物学】气孔，气门；翅痣；(卵的)眼点；点斑。
  5.【医学】(病的)特征。 小斑。
  6.【宗教】圣疤。
  7.记号，符号，标记〔例如本字典中的〔美国〕〔口语〕等〕。
  No stigma rests on [attaches to] him. 他清白无疵。 Her behaviour will leave a stigma upon her family. 她的行为会使她家声名有了污点。 He has removed the stigma of drug addictions. 他已经洗去吸毒的污点了。
  

例句与用法

• The pollen is shed directly on the stigma .
  花粉直接散落在柱头上。
• The stigma of watts was too heavy to bear .
  瓦茨的污名令人难忍受。
• He has removed the stigma of drug addictions .
  他已经洗去吸毒的污点了。
• The style and stigma have dried out .
  花柱及柱头已经干掉。
• Her behavior will leave a stigma upon her family .
  她的行为会使她家声名有了污点。
• You will deserve the stigma .
  你应当得到耻辱。
• Wind may affect the set of fruit by desiccating the stigmas .
  风可影响座果，因为风吹干了柱头。
• The stigma of failure is attached to a cost reduction program .
  降低成本的计划有了失败的痕迹。
• "i'll go quietly if there's no stigma on my record," he told me .
  “如果在我的履历上不留下任何污点的话，我会不声不响地离开。”他告诉我。
• If the conelet scales have grown shut or the stigma have withered, receptivity is probably past .
  假如小球果的鳞片已闭合或柱头已凋萎，则表明已经没有接受花粉的能力。

英文解释

• a skin lesion that is a diagnostic sign of some disease
• an external tracheal aperture in a terrestrial arthropod
• a symbol of disgrace or infamy; "And the Lord set a mark upon Cain"--Genesis
  同义词：mark, brand, stain,
• the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil

社会羞辱（英語：Social stigma）又稱為社會恥辱、社會羞恥或社會汙名，是指在社會關係中基於個體特徵而對某人的否定、不認同或不滿。這些狀況時常包括：不公正的待遇、疏远或排擠，並且可能對人產生有害的影響。像一些看法認為中共政權對法輪功的「邪教」指控就是一種污名。[1]

英文中的羞恥（stigma）是一個希臘文詞語，其起源是用以指一種藉由切割或燒傷皮膚來紋身或標記罪犯、奴隸或叛徒的記號，以便將它們明顯地標示為據由瑕疵或道德污染的人。以避免这些人出現，特别是在公共場合中[2]。社會羞辱能以許多不同的形式出現，包括文化、性別、種族、殘疾和疾病。受到羞辱的個人通常會感到與眾不同並且失去價值。

羞辱也可以指將一個人與一組他不想要的刻板印象或特徵貼上相關聯的標籤[3]。一個人一旦被識別並標記，其他社會中的人很可能就會認為事情就是如此，並且在他人察覺到「羞辱的屬性」之前，也就是認知到這是一種羞辱之前，這個人將繼續受到侮辱。在一個社會中被認為是不合適的人、事、物可能是另一個社會中的常態。當社會將某個人分類到某些群體時，這些人就會因為被貼上標籤的人就會遭受歧視或可能導致某些身份的喪失[3]。並且一旦文化的刻板印象被確立，社會就可能開始對這些群體形成某一種期望。

遭受侮辱的人所產生的恥辱感可能會影響他們的行為，那些受到刻板印象束縛的人往往會開始依照羞辱他們的人所期待的方式行事。這不僅改變了他們的行為，還可能塑造他們的情感和信仰[4]。被污名化的社會群體成員所面臨的偏見經常導致抑鬱與沮喪[5]。這些羞辱會將一個人的社會認同置於像是低自尊的危險境地，也因為如此，身份理論的研究已經被高度重視。身份威脅理論（Identity threat theories）可以與標籤理論齊頭並進。

污名化群體的成員會意識到他們沒有受到同等的對待，並且知道自己可能受到歧視。研究表明：「到了10歲，大多數兒童都會意識到社會中對不同群體的文化刻板印象，而污名化群體中的兒童會在更年輕的時候就會意識到這類的文化刻板印象。[4]」

Other factors that discouraged victims from approaching the authorities included the fear of retribution, social stigma and the possibility of re-traumatization during legal proceedings.

令受害者不愿接触官方的其他因素包括担心报复、社会耻辱和在法律程序中再度受创。

Living with social stigma can have a profound effect upon their self-esteem and feeling of self-worth.

带着社会污名生活可能对儿童的自尊和自我价值感带来深远影响。

A lot of us don't realize the social stigma that these people face on a daily basis.

我们之中很多人没有 意识到这样的社会污名 这是这些人每天都要面对的

I mean, aside from the obvious social stigma,

Significant under reporting of cases occurs due to the country's limited voluntary testing and counseling capacity and social stigma attached to HIV/AIDS.

由于该国自愿检测和咨询能力有限，加上对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的社会歧视，有很多病例未充分报告。

Participants recognized that children were especially vulnerable to intimidation by traffickers and to the social stigma that can accompany trafficking in persons.

参与磋商者认识到，儿童尤其易遭受贩运者恐吓和贩运人口可能带来的社会耻辱。

Here the public-policy options are limited; some kind of social stigma is a necessity.

在这里，公共政策选择是有限的，某种形式的社会耻辱模感建立是必要的。

No shame is attached to the dissolution of marital relationships, and a one-parent mother seldom fears social stigma.

解除婚姻关系不会带来耻辱，单亲母亲很少会担心留下社会污名。

As noted in Section 4.1, no serious social stigma is associated with divorce or remarriage.

前面第4.1节讲过，离婚或者再婚不会留下严重的社会污名。

JS5 reported that unwed mothers are often forced to relinquish their children due to social stigma and financial difficulties resulting from the prejudice.

联署材料5报告说，未婚母亲由于社会耻辱和偏见所导致的经济困难不得不放弃自己的孩子。

Girls face specific barriers to accessing reproductive health, including discrimination and social stigma, lack of confidentiality and policy restrictions.

女童面对获得生殖健康的具体障碍，包括歧视和社会耻辱，缺乏保密性和政策限制。

However, victims are not granted anonymity during prosecutions, and media attention and social stigma dissuade most victims from reporting.

然而，起诉期间受害者得不到匿名保护，媒介的注意和社会耻辱使多数受害者望而生畏不敢报告。

Divorce is acceptable and there is no prohibition against it, nor is social stigma or taboo attached.

离婚是可以接受的，不丹不禁止离婚。 离婚既不会产生社会污名也不会成为禁忌。

Sinha noted that such people would have faced a social stigma in the past.

他对法新社讲到，他的同侪里大概有三分之一的人是"完全地腐败了"。辛哈还说，要是在过去，这些人会面对巨大的社会污名。

"The elimination of leprosy as a public health problem is a milestone along the way to fundamentally eradicating both the disease and the social stigma that for so long has accompanied it," he said.

他说："把麻风作为一个公共卫生问题来消灭是彻底根除该疾病以及长期以来伴随它的社会耻辱过程中的一个里程碑。"

These can develop over time into strong street connections that, combined with social stigma and prejudices, make it difficult for children to find desirable options off the street.

这些因素随着时间的推移可能发展成为与街头的密切联系，再加上社会污名和偏见，儿童很难找到离开街头的适当选择。

Some people may assume that the only complication that comes with flatulence is the social stigma of not being allowed to pass gas in public. However, these excessive digestive gases can cause other problems as well.

有些人可能会认为，气胀带来的唯一并发症是不允许在公共场合传递气体的社会耻辱。然而， 这些过量的消化气体也会导致其他问题。

Furthermore, several stakeholders called for a greater emphasis on human rights education as an anti-poverty strategy, as well as to more explicit mention of the role of the media in producing and combating social stigma.

此外，一些利益攸关方呼吁要更加重视人权教育，把它作为一种减贫战略，并更加明确地提及媒体在产生和防止社会污名中的作用。

8.6 The author submits that subjecting her to an involuntary medical examination was a disproportionate measure given the social stigma attached to being found mentally incapacitated, albeit in the limited context of a single trial.