概述What is a herniated disk? A Mayo Clinic expert explainsLearn more from Mohamad Bydon, M.D.
Hello. I'm Dr. Mohamad Bydon, a neurosurgeon at Mayo Clinic. In this video, we'll cover the basics of disk herniation. What is it? Who gets it? The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Whether you're looking for answers for yourself or someone you love, we're here to give you the best information available. Your spine is a stack of bones known as vertebrae, and between these bones are small rubbery disks that act as cushions. They have a soft jelly-like center or nucleus that is encased by a tougher rubbery exterior. Sometimes the exterior of these rubbery disks can tear, and the soft inside slips out. This results in a herniated disk, also known as a slipped disk or ruptured disk. This disk injury can irritate nearby nerves causing pain, numbness, or weakness in an arm or a leg. Many people with a slipped disk never experience symptoms and surgery is rarely required to fix the problem. Nonetheless, there are a range of treatments available to help those who suffer pain or discomfort from a herniated disk. In most cases, a slipped disk happens because of wear and tear, something known as disk degeneration as you age. Your disks become less flexible and are more prone to tears and ruptures. Most people cannot identify the cause of their herniated disk. It can happen from using your back muscles instead of your leg and thigh muscles to lift heavy a object. Or from awkwardly twisting and turning. That said, there are other factors outside of your age that can increase your risk of slipping a disk. Being overweight increases the strain on the disks in your lower back. Some people may be genetically predisposed to rupturing a disk. Working a physically demanding job, and smoking can decrease the oxygen supply to your disk, causing it to degenerate more rapidly. It's possible to have a herniated disk without having any symptoms. This happens to a lot of people. They may first learn about a herniated disk while undergoing tests for a different issue. Slip disks can trigger a few classic symptoms. Arm or leg pain often described as a sharp or shooting pain. Pain in your buttocks, thighs, calf, even your foot, numbness or tingling. Your exact symptoms depend on where the herniated disk is located, whether it's pressing on a nerve. Talking to a doctor about the pain that you're experiencing is always a smart move. Your doctor will usually be able to tell if you have a herniated disk by conducting a physical exam, asking about your medical history. They may ask you to lie flat, move your legs into various positions. They may also check your reflexes, muscle strength, walking ability, see if you can feel light touch, pinprick vibration. If your doctor thinks another condition is causing the pain or needs to see which nerves are being affected by the slipped disk, they may order one or more of the following; an X-ray, a CT scan, an MRI, rarely a myelogram. Your medical team may perform a nerve test like a nerve conduction study or an EMG to help pinpoint the location of the nerve damage. More often than not, watching your movement, and taking pain medication relieves symptoms for most people. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen are great options for mild-to-moderate pain. If your pain is severe, your doctor might recommend a cortisone injection or muscle relaxers. In rare cases, opioids may be prescribed for a short period of time when other treatments have not worked. Physical therapy can also help manage pain with positions, stretches, and exercises designed to minimize the discomfort caused by a herniated disk. Few people with a slipped disk ever need surgery, but when it's necessary, surgeons may perform what's known as a diskectomy. This may be done in an open manner or in a minimally invasive manner. The protruding portion of the disk is removed. Sometimes in cases of spinal instability, a bone graft is needed where the vertebrae are fused together with metal hardware. In rare circumstances, a surgeon may implant an artificial disk to replace the herniated one. If you think you have a herniated disk, talk to your doctor, come prepared, try to figure out when your symptoms started, how you may have injured it, and what, if anything, helps improve your symptoms. Back injuries are incredibly common. Thankfully, most people find a way to manage their pain and are able to return to normal activity in no time. If you'd like to learn more about disk herniation, watch our other related videos or visit mayoclinic.org. We wish you well. 椎间盘突出是指叠加在一起构成脊柱的某些骨头（椎骨）之间的某个弹力垫（椎间盘）出了问题。 脊椎盘有一个柔软的果冻状中心（髓核），被较坚韧的弹力外部（纤维环）所包裹。椎间盘突出有时叫做椎间盘滑出或椎间盘破裂，当一些髓核通过纤维环的裂口向外膨出时，就会发生。 椎间盘突出可能发生在脊柱的任何部位，并会刺激附近的神经。椎间盘突出会随着突出部位的不同导致手臂或腿部疼痛、麻木或无力。 许多人的椎间盘突出没有症状。通常不需要外科手术来缓解这个问题。 症状大部分椎间盘突出见于下背部，但是也可能发生在颈部。体征和症状取决于椎间盘的位置以及是否压迫神经。通常仅累及一侧身体。
您可能患有椎间盘突出但是没有症状。您可能不知道自己患有椎间盘突出，直至脊柱图像显示出来。 何时就诊如颈痛或背痛蔓延到手臂或腿部，或出现麻木、刺痛或无力，请就医。 病因随着年龄的增长，椎间盘逐渐磨损（被称为椎间盘退化），通常会导致椎间盘突出。随着年龄的增长，椎间盘的灵活性会下降，哪怕轻微劳损或扭曲，也非常容易撕裂或突出。 大多数人无法确定椎间盘突出的确切原因。当您利用背肌而不是小腿和大腿的肌肉举升重物时，有时也会造成椎间盘突出，在负重时扭曲和转身也可能造成这一结果。极少数情况下，跌倒或者背部受到打击等创伤事件，也可能导致椎间盘突出。 风险因素增加椎间盘突出风险的因素包括：
并发症脊髓恰好延伸至腰部上方。一组形似马尾的长神经根贯穿椎管。 极少数情况下，椎间盘突出症会压迫整个椎管，包括马尾神经的所有神经。极少数情况下，需要紧急手术来避免永久性肌无力或瘫痪。 如果出现以下情况，请立即就医：
预防以下方法有助于预防椎间盘突出：
Sept. 26, 2019
相关Associated Procedures产品与服务腰间盘突出是什么引起的？脊椎盘有一个柔软的果冻状中心（髓核），被较坚韧的弹力外部（纤维环）所包裹。 椎间盘突出有时叫做椎间盘滑出或椎间盘破裂，当一些髓核通过纤维环的裂口向外膨出时，就会发生。 椎间盘突出可能发生在脊柱的任何部位，并会刺激附近的神经。 椎间盘突出会随着突出部位的不同导致手臂或腿部疼痛、麻木或无力。
腰椎间盘突出有什么症状？常见的腰椎间盘突出症状有：疼痛、麻木、无力、大小便障碍，这是按严重程度逐级递增的，疼痛最轻，其次是麻木，而后是下肢无力，最严重的是大小便障碍。 它们可能同时伴发，也可能一开始就出现麻木症状，而仅出现一过性疼痛，但是它们的恢复效果是不同的。
腰椎间盘突出是病吗？腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病、多发病，它与95%的坐骨神经痛和50%的腰腿痛有着密切的关系，并可引起继发性腰椎管狭窄。 本病多见于青壮年，患者痛苦大，有马尾神经损害者可有大小便功能障碍，严重者可致截瘫。 治疗应根据不同病例分别选用非手术或手术治疗，绝大多数腰椎间盘突出症能经非手术治疗可使症状消失。
如何治疗腰椎间盘突出症？腰椎间盘突出症是常见病和多发病，其主要症状是腰腿痛，对患者日常生活和工作造成严重影响。 腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法大体分为手术治疗和非手术治疗。 非手术治疗方法很多，包括理疗，针灸、推拿以及药物等。 一般来说，80%的患者经积极的非手术治疗都可获得满意的疗效。
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腰椎间盘突出原因
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